Impedance Spectroscopy of Adherent Mammalian Cell Culture for Biochemical Applications: A Review

This review paper is focused on various applications of electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) using adherent, two-dimensional (2D) mammalian cell culture. The ECIS technique a non-destructive electrical approach to in vitro monitor continuous fashion and real time the behavior related attachment, growth, morphology, motility, proliferation viability. use living cells as sensorial elements provides opportunity for analysis large variety pharmaceutical compounds toxicants that affect cellular responses. In this review, we will cover some most important such as: cancer cell, toxicity studies, investigation stem spectroscopy sensing. Contractile activity beating cardiomyocytes recorded with also be presented. Combination resonant frequency measurements monolayer discussed. An innovative stretchable device integrated electrodes Recently, was combined machine learning algorithms distinguish from differentiation processes. demonstrates powerful tool, effective investigate properties physiological functions advantages over conventional assays, including simple, rapid noninvasive screening.